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Tradeswomen Legal Advocacy Manual
History of Tradeswomen Litigation
The “History of Tradeswomen Litigation” is a
summary of over 181 cases brought by tradeswomen since the
passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 against
their apprenticeship programs, their unions, and the myriad
of entities that have employed them, from construction companies
and other private employers to governmental agencies and public
utilities. Each case has been analyzed to discern the legal
theories relied upon, the facts and evidence supporting these
theories, the reason the legal claims were won or lost, and
the lessons to be learned from the case so that future tradeswomen
and their advocates can avoid the pitfalls and take advantage
of their sisters’ past efforts to open up the construction
trades and other non-traditional crafts to women.
This document is currently comprised of nine Appendices as
follows:
How to Use this Document
To use this document, look through one or more of Appendices
B through H to identify cases that you are interested in (e.g.,
cases by plumbers, or cases involving sexual harassment, or
cases against construction companies) and write down the case
name. Next go to Appendix A, the master case list, to learn
what page the case appears on in Appendix J (Case Summaries)
and write down these page numbers.
Note: The case may appear on several different pages because
several different entities were sued.
Finally, go to Appendix J and find summaries of the cases
you selected.
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